Now we are hitting mid-October, a number of fields should already be closed. Despite above-average soil temperatures, don’t be tempted to go back and graze closed fields; even if grass growth remains strong.
What is grazed now won’t be available in the Spring, and each day delay in closing will reduce farm cover by 15 kg DM/ha next Spring.
Below are some general guidelines for Autumn grazing management, but the optimum closing and opening cover for your farm will be determined by the stocking rate and the individual farm.
Autumn grazing targets
- Final grazing rotation should last 30 – 40 days with the first fields closed around the 1st October (drier farms or further south can close 10-15 October)
- Remember the 60:40 Rule – aim to graze 60% of the farm by 31 October with the remaining 40% grazed in mid–November (drier farms can delay these dates by one week approximately)
- Close the drier fields which are sheltered/close to the yard first, as these will be the first grazed in the Spring
- Then close the wettest fields
- Then close the remaining fields
- Graze well to encourage plant tillering – aiming for a residual of 4 cm or 100 kg DM/ha
- Poorly grazed fields in Autumn will result in decaying material over the winter and this will have a negative effect on spring grass supply
- Heavy cattle that are to be finished over the winter should be housed first
- Block grazing and back fencing are useful tools. Use a strip wire and moving animals once a day will improve utilisation
- Using a back fence will help improve utilisation on heavier covers
- Closing cover should be approx. 600-650 kg DM/ha. The optimum figure will be determined by your demand for grass in the Spring (stocking rate and calving intensity)
- Spring opening cover of 750-800 kg DM/ha
Sample Autumn budget for a 20 ha farm
Always keep your target closing cover in mind. Continue to walk the farm and once you hit the target closing cover, it is time to stop grazing.
Farm size | 20 ha | |
Closing start date | 15 October | |
Target dates | 60% grazed by: | 40% grazed by: |
5 November | 1 December | |
Number of days | From closing start date to 60% date | From 60% date to housing date |
21 days | 26 days | |
Hectares to be grazed | 0.6 x total area | 0.4 x total area |
0.6 × 20 ha | 0.4 × 20 ha | |
= 12 ha | = 8 ha | |
Hectares to be grazed per week | (12 ha/21 days) x 7 | (8 ha/26 days) x 7 |
(Total area/ number of days) x 7 | = 4 ha/week | =2 ha/week |